Diagnostics of arrhythmia

Diagnosis of sinus tachycardia

The disease is determined with the help of medical examination and electrocardiography. At objective research at the patient complaints are collected, the possible reasons of occurrence of an attack are found out. In some cases, it is important to know the nature of the patient's work. The presence of increased heart rate with a normal heart rate immediately allows you to suspect a tachycardia. Particular attention is paid to sinus tachycardia during pregnancy. Her localization is determined by carrying out an electrocardiogram. The following ECG signs are visible on the electrocardiogram: preservation of sinus and regular rhythm, heart palpitations with heart rate above the age norm.

Видео Синусовая тахикардия у ребенка

Diagnosis of paroxysmal tachycardia

The disease may already be suspected during the initial examination by a physician. In particular, paroxysms are defined as attacks that can disturb the patient or proceed asymptomatic. The patient is referred to the ECG, where the following signs of paroxysmal tachycardia are defined: the fast rhythm of more than 150 beats per minute (in adults), develops suddenly, looks like extrasystoles, which follow one after another. In some cases, paroxysms can not be fixed on a standard ECG, then do daily monitoring, which may take several days or more if necessary. Bicycle ergometry, ultrasound and heart rate tests help determine the pathology.

Video What you need to know about paroxysmal tachycardia

Diagnosis of sinus bradycardia

The first diagnosis is conducted at the reception of a doctor who listens tones, determines the heart rate, which is defined less than the lower threshold of the norm (in adults less than 60 beats / min). Against the background of a reduced pulse in a person acquires the severity of fatigue, weakness. To clarify the diagnosis, appoint an electrocardiogram, which displays the following ECG symptoms: sinus correct rhythm, reduction of heart rate. In addition, bicycle ergometry, ultrasound diagnostics can be used.

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Diagnosis of sinus arrhythmia

Diagnosis begins during the medical examination. The patient may have a change in pulse, in the direction of increase or decrease, as well as increased respiration, increased irritability and excessive sweating. Skin covers may be pale or vice versa reddish. To clarify the diagnosis, a common method - electrocardiography - is used. In some cases, daily use of daily monitoring, ultrasound of the heart, squatting as a load test is additionally used. ECG signs of sinus arrhythmia: sinus rhythm, heart rate normal, decreased, enlarged, with different RR intervals, one can draw a conclusion about irregular heartbeat.

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Diagnosis of flickering arrhythmia

The disease is one of the most complex forms of rhythm disturbance. It often occurs in the postinfarction period, and therefore the life of a person depends on the correct diagnosis. During the onset of atrial fibrillation, the waves f, whose frequency can range from 350 to 700 beats per minute, are determined on the ECG. They are not regular, but in their amplitude and form different. Echocardiography is also able to determine the wiping with 100% confidence. In some cases, the disease is determined by computer tomography, but this method is far from always available.

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Diagnosis of extrasystolic arrhythmia

The disease is the most common pathology that is often diagnosed on scheduled examinations. It can come from different parts of the heart, therefore, by electrocardiography is divided into atrial, atrioventricular, ventricular. A characteristic ECG sign is an extraordinary contraction followed by a compensatory pause (full or incomplete). Not always determined by the standard ECG, therefore, if necessary, ultrasound of the heart, echocardiography, daily monitoring or loading tests.

Video Diagnostics of extrasystole according to ECG data

Diagnosis of ventricular extrasystoles

At the reception at the doctor, the patient is examined and during the examination, the cariogenic venous waves are often determined - pathological pulsation, which is a pronounced presystolic pulsation of venous veins. Arrhythmic pulse on the arteries, if extrasystoles are often generated in groups, then the pathology can be perceived as atrial fibrillation. Extrasystoles can cause splitting of the second tone. ECG signs of ventricular extrasystole: ventricular QRS complexes have changed with extrasystole background, and their extension and deformation are observed, and the pruritus P is not present before ventricular extraordinary contraction. Characteristic is the presence of a complete compensatory pause after extrasystole. If an attack occurs rarely, then daily and other studies in the form of ultrasound of the heart, bicycle ergometry and stress tests are added to the standard ECG.

Video Ventricular Extrasystole. Symptoms, causes and methods of treatment

 

Diagnosis of atrial fibrillation

Often occurs on the background of organic lesions, therefore, first of all, electrocardiography is prescribed, the symptoms of which are expressed in a chaotic rhythm, often with a heartbeat of 350 to 700 beats per minute, absence of a tooth R. To identify not only the disease itself, but also the causes of its occurrence, a number of additional research: laboratory tests, drug load tests, coronary angiography.

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Diagnosis of atrial flutter

Pathology precedes flicker, so it is very important to diagnose it on time. First of all, it uses electrocardiography, which determines waves F, with a frequency of up to 350 impacts. The teeth P are not determined, the RR intervals may be regular and irregular, with the ventricular complexes unchanged. The pulse may be normal or frequent, which depends on the contraction coefficient between the divisions. In addition, such diagnostic methods as echocardiography, coronary angiography, laboratory tests can be used.

Diagnosis of ventricular tachycardia

Electrocardiography helps with diagnosis. To do this, it must be carried out at the moment of paroxysm. Major ECG symptoms: altered ventricular QRST complexes with a background of preserved sinus rhythm. At the same time, the heart rate is more than 150 beats / min. Also on the electrocardiogram can be defined tachycardia type pyruet - the amplitude increases and decreases in the form of a wave with a frequency of about 250 beats / min. Holter monitoring is carried out during the day or two to detect infrequent paroxysms. If the study did not produce results, then load tests are shown which can be replaced by EMI (electrophysiological study). You can determine the prognosis of the disease by using an ultrasound of the heart.

Video Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) – causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment & pathology

Diagnosis of ventricular fibrillation

It often develops in terminal states, and therefore requires fast and proper diagnostics. First of all, electrocardiography is used, which shows the following symptoms: chaotic ventricular complexes, heart rate 300-400 times per minute, P-type teeth are absent. Additionally, the ECG determines coarse wave and fine-wave fibrillation, for which the height and width of the waves are estimated. Conducting echocardiography helps to assess the degree of left ventricular insufficiency.

Elena Malysheva video. Fibrillation of the ventricles

 

Diagnosis of hypertonic arrhythmia

The diagnosis is carried out in two directions: on the assessment of the state of the heart and the vascular system. Cardiac activity is investigated using electrocardiography, which detects various forms of arrhythmias, often occurring in the context of hypertonic disease. These can be sinus or paroxysmal tachycardias, extrasystoles, flickering or atrial fibrillation. Also important is Holter monitoring, which is determined by unexpressed and rare arrhythmias. Laboratory tests (lipid profile, biochemistry and general blood test), ultrasound of the thyroid gland are used to determine the main parameters of hypertension. The pulmonary heart is determined by echocardiography.

Video Hypertension, arrhythmia, and so on heart disease are the causes and the essence

 

Diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmia

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Diagnosis of respiratory arrhythmia

It is often determined in children and adolescents. Can be diagnosed during pregnancy. For this, a standard ECG is used which shows the following symptoms: sinus rhythm, abnormal cardiac activity, abnormal frequency may be normal, increased or decreased. In the process of diagnosis, laboratory tests, daily electrocardiogram, echocardiography, ultrasound of the heart, bicycle ergometry, orthostatic test are also used.

Elena Malysheva video. Violation of the heart rhythm at the child

Diagnosis of vascular arrhythmia

The diagnosis is conducted with the participation of the therapist and the neurologist, as the pathology concerns the heart and the autonomic nervous system. The external examination of the patient is necessarily supplemented by electrocardiography, by which it is possible to identify arrhythmias, often occurring with autonomic dysfunction. It can be extrasystole, sinus tachycardia. Arrhythmogenic foci are detected by electrophysiological research, and asymptomatic arrhythmias are diagnosed by daily monitoring of the ECG.

Extrasystole Video At Dysonia Vegeto-Vascular

 

Diagnosis of supraventricular arrhythmia

Determined by external examination of the patient and instrumental diagnostic methods. During the examination, the patient finds a rapid heartbeat, increased excitability and sweating. The electrocardiogram shows signs of supraventricular rhythm disturbance: the tooth P changes, as well as the distance between the RR and the heart rate is from 100 beats per minute. If necessary, daily ECG monitoring is performed, which are diagnosed with rare attacks of arrhythmia. Signs of organic and functional heart lesions may be observed on the echocardiogram.

ECG video: Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)

 

 

Diagnosis of ischemic arrhythmia

Violation of the heart rhythm is associated with ischemic heart disease, so the diagnosis is carried out immediately in two directions. The heart activity is evaluated by ECG, which may include signs of sinus arrhythmia, extrasystoles, impulse conduction impairment, ventricular tachycardia. With echocardiography, the condition of the heart cells is evaluated, while the Holter monitoring allows to detect infrequent arrhythmias. To determine the degree of myocardial ischemia, coronary angiography is performed.

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Diagnosis of medication arrhythmia

It is important to survey the patient: what medications he took, what dosage, when and during which period of time after the reception began heart attacks. Also, the definition of medication arrhythmia helps with electrocardiography, which detects various forms of rhythm disturbance: cardiac blockade, paroxysmal and sinus tachycardia, extrasystoles, and in severe cases, flickering / fibrillation. Diagnostics is completed with the data of daily electrocardiography, a tilt-test.

British Heart Foundation video – Tilt test

Diagnosis of systolic arrhythmia

here are several forms of arrhythmias: tachycardia and bradycardia. Each of them has characteristic ECG signs. In sinus tachycardia, the rhythm increases, becomes more than age norm, with bradycardia becoming less than age norm. Adults are more than 100 beats / min and less than 60 beats / min, respectively. In both forms, the correct sinus rhythm is maintained. Clarification of the diagnosis is performed using stress tests, bicycle ergometry, ultrasound examination, Holter type monitoring.

Diagnostic methods in cardiology: treadmill test, bicycle ergometry and coronary angiography

Diagnosis of pulmonary arrhythmia

The disease is associated with two systems - respiratory and cardiovascular. During the diagnosis, each system is studied separately. Cardiac activity is assessed using electrocardiography and echocardiography, which detects heart rhythm, as well as arrhythmia such as bradycardia, tachycardia, extrasystole. Diagnosis of the right ventricle is important, as it is possible to develop a pulmonary heart. X-ray examination of the chest is used to determine the respiratory system pathology.

Video Diagnosis of heart, blood vessels and respiratory function

Diagnosis of vagal arrhythmia

Diagnosis of the disease begins in the cabinet of the neurologist, who, after examining the patient, together with the cardiologist, assesses the severity of his condition. Electrocardiography is initially prescribed and a definite form of arrhythmia is diagnosed with it: sinus tachycardia or bradycardia, extrasystole or paroxysmal tachycardia. An important role is the daily control of the ECG, which, as well as load tests, allows you to capture minor runs of arrhythmia. The purpose of echocardiography is justified in the case of the probability of an organic pathology of the heart, therefore, in the case of vagal arrhythmia, which is a functional disorder, this method is rarely used.

Video Complex of Daily Monitoring of ECG “Expert Holter”

Diagnosis of heterotropic arrhythmias

The diagnosis of this group of rhythm disturbance is based on electrocardiography. With its help, ECG-signs of three forms of heterotopic arrhythmias are determined. At the nodal rhythm, a negative tooth P appears, the heart rate may decrease to 40-60 beats / min (in adults), and the ventricular complexes are often leveled to the root of the root. In the idioventricular rhythm, the QRS ventricular complex is enlarged, the heart rate is from 50 beats / min and lower (in of adults), the tooth P may be absent. With accelerated idiowentricular rhythm, the heart rate increases by the opposite. When migrating a rhythm driver, there is an intermittent sinatricular block, the P wave is positive, which, with some contractions, becomes negative.

Video Accelerated Idioventricular rhythm

Diagnosis of intercostal arrhythmia

The disease relates to functional cardiac disorders, therefore, using electrocardiography, forms of arrhythmias such as extrasystoles, paroxysmal and sinus tachycardia are determined. Rarely occurring arrhythmias are determined using a daily ECG. Additionally electroneurography, CT or MRI of the spine, x-ray of the chest organs, laboratory diagnostics can be used.

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Diagnosis of intestinal arrhythmia

To begin with, the patient is examined by a physician and electrocardiography is performed when heart disorders are detected. On the ECG, signs of a disorder with a relatively favorable course of tachycardia and extrasystoles can be detected. Also, the method allows to identify organic lesions of the heart muscle, which cause fibrillation, tremor of the ventricles. If necessary, ultrasound of the heart, echocardiography, laboratory tests are given.

Video Violations of heart rhythm tachycardia

Diagnosis of pancreatic arrhythmia

Diagnostics begins with questioning, examination and listening to the patient in the medical office. Next, electrocardiography is performed on which signs of sinus tachycardia and extrasystoles can be seen. In addition to examining the heart, it is important to examine the pancreas. To do this, do ultrasound organs, computer tomography and laboratory tests.

Video Diagnostics of extrasystole according to ECG data

Diagnosis of valve arrhythmias

Violation of the rhythm is due to heart defects, so it is extremely important that they be properly diagnosed. During the examination of the patient, it is possible to determine the change in the color of the skin, the presence of shortness of breath, swelling of the cervical veins. Listening to cardiac activity allows you to detect disturbance of tones. From instrumental research methods, preference is given to echocardiography with doplerography. With this method, most of the heart defects are determined, both in adults and in children. A standard electrocardiography is also performed, which detects all forms of arrhythmias. When valve lesions, sinus tachycardia and atrial fibrillation are most commonly developed.

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Diagnosis nevrolohycheskoy arrhythmia

Pathology kasaetsya two systems - cardiovascular and nervous, Therefore a patient Surveying prynymaet participate not only cardiology, but a neurologist. Activities heart otsenyvaetsya with pomoshchju эlektrokardyohrafyy, echocardiography, electrophysiological study. In mogut opredelyatsya ECG signs funktsyonalnыh serdtsebyenyya disorders, often kotoryya vыrazhayutsya in synusovoy tachycardia and bradycardia, paroxysmal tachycardia, arrhythmia. Recent RED forms arrhythmia mogut not zafyksyrovatsya standartnoy on an electrocardiogram. In such cases monitoring of Advanced provodjat holterovskoe. Diagnosis nervous system provodytsya with primeneniem mahnytorezonansnoy tomography, X-ray Survey.

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